Black Death Essay Research Paper Black DeathThe free essay sample

Black Death Essay, Research Paper Black Death The most sever epidemic in human history, The Black Death ravaged Europe from 1347-1351. This pestilence killed full households at a clip and destroyed many small towns. The Black Death had many effects beyond its immediate symptoms that contributed to the crisis of the Fourteenth Century. This pestilence non merely took a annihilating toll on human life, but it besides played a major function in determining European life in the old ages to follow. The Black Death divides the cardinal and the late Middle Ages. This atrocious calamity that occurred in 1348, swept through Europe doing legion alterations. # 8220 ; The Black Death erupted in the Gobi Desert in the late 1320 # 8217 ; s. # 8221 ; This pestilence originated there and distribute outward in every way. In the fall of 1347, twelve ships arrived in Messina, a port on the island of Sicily. Normally the people of Messina were eager to see the alien merchandises these merchandisers # 8217 ; ships would convey from Caffa, on the Black Sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Death Essay Research Paper Black DeathThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This peculiar clip the people found something amazing. Alternatively of silk, aromas, and spices, these ships carried a unusual and destructive disease that would finally alter Europe forever. City functionaries found really few people alive on these ships when they ported Messina. Dead organic structures littered the decks and the ships reeked of disintegrating flesh. On the deceased they found big black puffinesss covering the organic structures. These functionaries who inspected these ships feared that the disease that had slaughtered the crewmans would distribute to Messina. This fright led to the edict that no 1, or any piece of ware was to go forth the ships. They would non even let the ill crewmans to go forth the ships or even acquire medical intervention. It is thought that the people of the ships, who were populating in Caffa during the summer of 1347, were exposed to this awful disease while contending the Tatars. The Tatars were Mongolian warriors who attacked the metropolis of Caffa, and had the metropolis contained for months. They seemed to hold the advantage and were expected to prehend the metropolis, until they suffered an unexpected blow that defeated th eir ground forces. This unexpected blow was the pestilence. The pestilence broke out within their ground forces and they were forced to withdraw. The Mongolian warriors believed the disease was a expletive put on them by the people in Caffa. Out of hatred and seeking to acquire retaliation, the Tartars catapulted the dead organic structures of the pestilence victims over the walls of Caffa. The pestilence shortly began to distribute after the Tatars retreated and the people of Caffa realized that the lone manner they were to last was to fly the country. They boarded merchandiser ships and put canvas for Italy. These ships where subsequently found by the Missena metropolis functionaries. The metropolis functionaries could non forestall the catastrophe that would follow. Within yearss the disease spread non merely within the metropolis, but besides the environing countryside. An eyewitness tells what happened: Recognizing what a deathly catastrophe had come to them, the people rapidly drove the Italians from their metropolis. But the disease remained, and shortly decease was everyplace. Fathers abandoned their ill boies. Lawyers refused to come do out volitions for the death. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were shortly deserted, as they were stricken, excessively. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no 1 to give them a Christian entombment. The affluent Lords since of pecuniary security had the advantage over the hapless. The rich could normally fly the towns and metropoliss, where the pestilence raged mercilessly, and flight to their palaces and Villas in the state. In the state their were normally less people and cleaner cut downing the opportunity of dirty and infested rats to come in the state places. When this disease hit the seashore of Italy people had no thought what they were meeting. All they knew was that multitudes of people were deceasing. Some thought it was due to the influence of heavenly organic structures. Others thought it was put upon them by the wrath of God acquiring them for their wickednesss or wickednesss. Even though they had perfectly no earthly thought where this catastrophe was coming from, they shortly learned to acknowledge the symptoms. Blood from the olfactory organ was a manifest mark of inevitable decease ; but in work forces and adult females alike it foremost betrayed itself by the outgrowth of certain tumours in the inguen or the axillas, some of which grew every bit big as a common apple, others as an egg, some more, some lupus erythematosus, which the common common people called gavoccioli. From the two said parts of the organic structure this deathly gavocciolo shortly began to propagate and distribute itself in all waies indifferently ; after which the signifier of the malady began to alter, black musca volitanss or livid doing their visual aspect in many instances on the armour thigh or elsewhere, now few and big, so minute and legion. And as the gavocciolo had and still were an infallible item of decease. By the undermentioned August, this disease had spread every bit far as England. This is where people began to name this disease the # 8220 ; Black Death, # 8221 ; due to the black sores that was found over the full organic structure after reaching the disease. The Black Death is an ague, infective, contagious disease that affects gnawers and worlds likewise. It is caused by a short, thick, Gram-negative B, Yersina plague. In worlds, pestilence occurs in three different signifiers known as the bubonic pestilence, pneumonic pestilence, and septicemic pestilence. Bubonic pestilence is the most common signifier. The name derives from the visual aspect of buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, in the inguen or axilla or on the cervix. Bubonic pestilence is transmitted by the bite of insects that are usually found on gnawers, and that seek new hosts when the original host dies. The bubonic pestilence normally would murder a individual within five yearss. Pneumonic pestilence gets the name because it infects the lung and is frequently transmitted by # 8220 ; droplets sprayed from the lungs and oral cavity of septic individuals ; the infection may distribute from the lungs to other parts of the body. # 8221 ; This in return causes septicemic pestilence. The pneumonic pestilence would take the life of a individual within three full yearss. The septicemic pestilence infects the blood. # 8220 ; Septicemic pestilence may besides be initiated by direct contact of contaminated custodies, nutrient, or objects with the mucose membranes of the olfactory organ or throat. # 8221 ; The septicemic pestilence that infects the blood, would frequently kill off person within hours. When this pestilence struck it murdered people with utmost velocity. The Italian author Boccaccio said that its victims frequently # 8220 ; ate tiffin with their friends and dinner with their ascendants in paradise. # 8221 ; The Black Death struck during a period of clip when Europe was confronting many troubles. The European economic system was on the diminution. # 8220 ; It was nearing the bounds of enlargement, both on its frontiers and in repossessing land from wood and swamp. # 8221 ; Europe was besides experiencing subjugation from aliens ( the Mongols and the Ottomans ) . These aliens disrupted many of the trade paths ensuing many countries to drop into depression. The clime was another job, people in Europe was confronting. # 8220 ; The overall clime was altering, with ice chest and wetting agent conditions making lower harvest outputs even as the population was increasing. # 8221 ; Since there was a deficit of nutrient people began to hunger and hold jobs with malnutrition. The Church was confronting many different jobs every bit good. First of all any people felt there were a legion sum of dirts happening within the Church. The Catholic Popes resided at Avignon and non at Rome. The Church w as besides unable to incorporate unorthodoxy in England turn outing its failing. The Hundred Years War was transpirating doing many political troubles. The Black Death exacerbated the jobs and troubles. The effects of the pestilence were worsened because of the other jobs while these jobs seemed twice as bad due to the pestilence every bit good. Peoples in Europe shortly began to respond and seek to explicate why and where the pestilence came. Many people who were nescient believed that the pestilence was the retribution of God upon a iniquitous universe. This belief formed two extremes. One extreme was that people become complet ely devoted to God and spiritual. The other extreme was made up of people who if were asked would frankly province that they did non care about God and faith. These people felt damned already and wanted to populate life the manner they wanted. â€Å"Contrary to what you might believe, the reaction from public functionaries, and from many clerics, was that this catastrophe was non the retribution of God upon a iniquitous universe but was a disease.† Those extremists who believed God brought upon this catastrophe out of choler began to make things to delight God. One militant group was called the Flagellants. People formed # 8220 ; sets of people who wandered through towns and countryside making repentance in public. They inflicted all kind of penalties upon themselves # 8230 ; for the universe # 8217 ; s wickednesss in imitation of Jesus. # 8221 ; Yet, another group believed that the Jews were the immediate cause of the Black Death. The Jews were accused of poisoning the H2O supply. Peoples in Europe, out of fury and out of the demand for account for the pestilence, persecuted and massacred the Jews. While many people were looking for an account for the Black Death some tried to happen a medical remedy. Several believed that the disease was transmitted through the air. There were many dead and deceasing which presented an atrocious odor and people believed in some manner the odor was connected to the disease. # 8220 ; So, the life turned to aromas to guard off the deathly vapors. # 8221 ; They burning of incense became popular. Peoples began to fire: # 8220 ; retem, laurel, pine beech, lemon foliages, rosemary, camphor, sulpher and other Handkerchiefs were dipped in aromatic oils, to cover the face when traveling out. # 8221 ; Sound was another redress used. Cities and small towns rang church bells, fired cannons believing the loud and intolerable sounds would drive the pestilence off. There seems to be no grounds that any medical physician saved a patient with the pestilence. Medical physicians of the clip believed the lone method to acquire rid of the disease were bloodlett ing. Bloodletting is the draining of blood believing that if adequate could be let out the disease would be forced out. Since the medical physicians did non cognize anything about sterilisation, they would frequently utilize the same scalpel on several patients perchance helping the spread of the disease. The immediate consequence of the pestilence on communities was lay waste toing. # 8220 ; Families and friends were set against each other # 8212 ; the good rejected the sick. # 8221 ; Some people withdrew from all contact with others, trusting to avoid acquiring the awful disease. As the disease became more and more widespread, many people wanted to hold a concluding confession or compose up their last will and testament, but the priests and attorneies would non even acquire near adequate to them to make it. Law barely existed any longer in some countries due to the decease of Judgess and decision makers. The offense rate radically increased ensuing much pandemonium and mayhem through out the land. The Black Plague non merely struck making much catastrophe and mayhem, but besides created legion alterations in Europe. Population was the most noticeable alteration. The Black Death took 25 million lives, at a clip when Europe # 8217 ; s entire population was merely about 60 million, between 1347 and 1350. The entire overall population loss in Europe was calculated to about one-third. In the twelvemonth 1000 AD. , the estimated population of Europe was 38 million people. In one century, 1100 AD. , the population increased to about million people. The population continued to increase until 1347. In 1347, the sum estimated population was 75 million people. This addition of population came to a drastic arrest due to the Black Death. Between the old ages 1347 and 1352 20 five million people died. The accounted population in 1352 was 50 million. This lessening in population occurred merely under five old ages. The category that was greatly affected by the pestilence was the helot. The pestilence left Lords without personal to work the land. Serfs that lived through the Black Death were able enforce their Godheads to pay them. The demand of helots went up as a consequence of the supply of helot diminishing doing the willingness of the Godheads to pay for the work done by the helot. Serfs for the first clip had the luxury of pick. Some helot decided to travel into the metropoliss happening businesss. Cities predating the pestilence were left under populated with the despairing demand of skilled craftsman. Those helots who decided to go forth the Fieldss entered these needed places in the metropoliss. In response of the demand of helot to go to the Lords land, the Lords refused to go on the long common pattern of serfhood. Prior to the pestilence helot could bit by bit purchase their freedom, but the Black Death left killing serfhood and the whole feudal system. The Black Death was a accelerator advancing the economic system. Since there was a deficit of labour the clubs were opened. Guilds or clubs were associations of work forces and adult females sharing common involvements normally associating to concern. The association was bound together by the purpose of protecting the members # 8217 ; self-interest. The clubs protected its members from competition and other outside factors that may ache them in any manner. For a short period of clip merely after the pestilence the clubs did non use the power and authorization they possessed to maintain people from come ining the market, due to the population loss. The clubs were opened to make full the empty musca volitanss. Some, for the first clip, had a pick of their business. The drastic loss of population histories for the hardest hit facet of Europe after the pestilence. The hardest hit facet of Europe predating the pestilence was the economic system. The economic system, merely predating the pestilence became dead. Obviously, since there was a lessening in the population this ab initio affected the figure in the work force. The pestilence caused a deficit of labour. This daze in the economic system allowed many provincials to demand a restructuring of society. # 8220 ; The biggest job was that valuable artisan accomplishments disappeared when big figure of the working category died. # 8221 ; Those who had accomplishments shortly became more valuable than the rich people, reconstituting society giving hapless labourers more value and power. This value and power allowed the provincials, the hapless, to demand for higher rewards. These higher rewards allowed people to hold more money to pass on luxuries. This demand of luxuries resulted in the preparati on and development of new industries to run into the demand. # 8220 ; English makers created a new, and more profitable cloth-manufacturing industry based on the power of H2O Millss, instead than cheap labour that was no longer available. # 8221 ; Higher rewards finally created high rising prices. High rising prices means that a individual could purchase less with money. This basically means that the money value decreased. This non merely affected single consumers, but little fabrication industries as good. High rising prices motivated competition. New industries arose bring forthing similar merchandises that competed with those industries bring forthing the original merchandise. Industries that felt threatened # 8220 ; attempted to keep their place by acquiring Torahs passed regulation who could ether their industry. # 8221 ; This was successfully achieved through the Ordinance of Laborers in 1349 and the Statute of Laborer in 1351. In 1349 the Regulation of Laborers, a jurisprudence, was passed regulation pay degrees. During all this confusion the church # 8217 ; s leading in the lives of people weakened. Before the reaching of the Black Death the church was seen as on of the wealthiest and most powerful landlords in all of Europe. Unsurprisingly, monasteries, converts, prisons and other closed communities were doomed when the pestilence was introduced to them. When the pestilence eventually subsided, many towns were left without a priest. Consequently, new priests were frequently ordained without equal preparation, and often the choice of priestly campaigners was headlong and ailment advised, therefore cut downing the esteem people possessed for the church. The natural reaction people had towards this were, to non merely question the church, but God every bit good. With the absence of faith in the mundane lives of a few led to a new philosophical epoch. 31d

Find Out Which SAT Score Is Preferable at Target College

Find Out Which SAT Score Is Preferable at Target College By the time you’re reading this article, you may have already taken  your SAT and received your scores. The question is how to interpret your results properly now. Perhaps, you want to know what each score means for your further participation. Finally, each participant wants to know how much score is enough to pass. First of all, we’ll reply to this question briefly. Next, we’re going to interpret each result separately. Use this article as a step by step guide to explain how successful you are in taking your tests. As far as SAT results predetermine your further academic future, there are more reasons to care about them. Do you really want to study in a college or university? Then, your SAT grade really matters, and you should get ready to face this sort of test carefully. You may even postpone your regular high school math test in order to look through possible SAT questions. Please note that the interpretations of SAT outcomes are taken with respect to the country level. Reading and writing are not the only two skills you’ll need to pass your test successfully. Still, to get prepared better, students may use online help from competitive writing agencies. Anyway, SAT is the sort of exam that requires a deep knowledge of specific subjects based on everything you’ve studied at school long with everything you might have learned on your own. But basically, all of the questions were at least one time covered during your school life. Thus, every student has equal chances to gain high SAT outcome. It’s just important to find out which result is necessary for particular college or school. Before you take SAT, it’s crucial to know many nuances such as the passing score for your target college and current year’s requirements. Right, they might change from year to year for various institutions. The latest generally accepted SAT score was 1600. Out of this, 1000 is considered an  average score. You may treat SAT as some kind of admissions where your English, writing, and reading skills are awarded the certain grade. The best achievement for the old SAT was 2400, so 1500 was an average number on the range. In any case, students need to provide as many correct answers as possible. By the way, if you wonder about the officially registered SAT scores for the last decade, you should know that approximately 50% of all students ended up better than the given threshold of 1000-1500. Unfortunately, the other half failed. The good thing is that now you can take any test, including SAT, online. The student will receive its tests results on his e-mail address respectively. For instance, if there are some international students who wish to study English in its native countries, online SAT is just the right choice for them. It is also the best way to check English proficiency and the knowledge of some subjects in particular (e.g., math). According to current data, 25% of all SAT participants made it through to roughly 1200+. Thus, we can say that the outcome of above 1200 is considered high enough. Still, check the report of your target college or university to learn how much local students usually gain not to fall behind. Many students who fail to pass with 840-1000, so if you fall into that range, it might be harder for you to pass the admissions. At last, it is important to know that the majority of colleges will  approve scores from both SATs for the Class of 2017. New SAT Requirements Challenges Now, let’s get to the things students might not enjoy. The test can be still taken for free, but there are many new confusing nuances and criteria. Even though the total score was made lower, the overall SAT system has become more complicated. You will have to deal with cross-test, science, and sub-scores. Recent concordance tables  are even worse. The list of the most frequently asked SAT-related questions and answers to them is provided further in the text. Once again, let’s repeat what different results mean with the help of convenient table: New SAT (of 1600) Old SAT (of 2400) Perfect (top 25%) 1200 1800 Good (average) 1000 1500 Poor (worst 25%) 840 1260 We would like to remind you that you have to find out what is acceptable for your specific college even though SAT is the national test which should obey the same standards everywhere. Also, it might be different with online tests. The lowest score on the range which every student can obtain is 400, but it does not mean this is a passing threshold. It’s a failure, in fact! You might wonder whether the national average is treated on the same level by every admissions board. What if the whole American population is not actually the right ground for discovering what a good SAT grade means? Not every applicant is an international student or young celebrity with higher privileges. Based on your individual competence and skills, try to find out which SAT grade is the best you can gain. Forget about the scale – there are six steps you have to take to define your personal SAT score. Define Your Individual SAT Number Step 1: You Need This Worksheet Before we move to the next stages, please download and start reading the following worksheet. It takes less time to download it instead of writing it from zero.   Step 2: Determine Colleges You Want to Apply Write down the names of schools and colleges you’re interested in. Provide short analysis of each based on the objective report and your own expectations. Skip writing down  safety schools (we mean those that you're 90% sure you'll get enrolled). Follow the advice of your friends if you have not chosen any college yet. You need these data on hands to learn which SAT score is the best you might gain.   Step 3: Type in "[Name of School] Prep scholar  SAT" To find the demanded SAT score, discover a proper web page with the help of all-time favorite search engine like Google. If you have a pure interest in the University of Los Angeles, enter â€Å"The University of Los Angeles Preschoolar SAT: Desirable Score† or something like that. The majority of colleges or schools will show a PrepScholar.com link. Double check your numbers with the help of one popular method: "[name of school] average sat score." Let’s talk a bit about percentiles as the part of SAT score. The twenty-fifth percentile means that 25% of all students who took the exam received a score at or below that number. Mind that in case you are at the 25th percentile, you'll have to prove that you are the right candidate in another effective way like admissions essay or cover letter.   Step 4: Meet New SAT Score Out of 1600 It is important to convert all old scores with respect to the latest rules of SAT. To do so quickly, we recommend using online converter tool, which was designed based on concordance tables from the College Board. Step 5: Find Out Your Final SAT Score Decide on which score is perfect on individual level. Compare the average of all columns meaning the twenty-fifth percentile along with 75th percentile. It is best to aim higher to the 75th percentile score as this particular SAT index gives more chances of getting accepted to all colleges and schools you’ve mentioned. Your life goal is different from your peers. Thus your course name also will be different. That is why it is important to define your personal number instead of asking your friends to share their target scores with you. The hack is that you should divide your purpose SAT score by two. Whenever you decide to apply to engineering college or university, mind that your Math score has to be 50 points higher than the rest. Thus, it is crucial to know your main subject and further course list. Your English has to be excellent in all cases. Step 6: State Your Goal So far, your writing is over. It’s time to analyze your prepared table and school analysis carefully and compare the target SAT scores. There are still 2 things left to accomplish: Talk to your parents to get some useful piece of advice regarding the selected colleges. Tape it to your wall.  Visualize your target SAT score and college every day to make your dream more real. If you are taking your SAT online or wish to get ready better, it is just the right time to order some internet assistance delivered by online writing services.

Ethical Communication in Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Communication in Crisis - Essay Example Organizational crisis takes in three structures. Responsibility is the establishment of moral crisis initiative. Preventing, overseeing, and recouping from emergencies all rely on upon the ability of pioneers and devotees to acknowledge their ethical obligations. In expansion to participating in, and cultivating, moral conduct, the capable crisis pioneer battles against human inclinations, institutional shortcomings, specific vested parties, and different obstructions to crisis aversion. Like obligation, transparency is an alternate prerequisite set on aggregations and associations working unreservedly in the public eye. Failure to unveil data produces ill-uses of force and benefit and makes it unthinkable for people to go about as educated parts of the neighborhood. Transparency starts with openness and it also includes symmetry. Some eyewitnesses recommend that pioneers in a crisis circumstance use key uncertainty as an elective to transparency. In key uncertainty, communicators are deliberately obscure, which permits them to speak to different gatherings of people. More regularly than not, then again, key uncertainty is untrustworthy, used to movement the accused and to confound stakeholders while giving them predisposition and/ or defici ent data. While the measure and sort of data to be imparted will fluctuate to every crisis, the objective may as well dependably be to be as open as could be allowed. In request to be moral, the assemblys demonstration of occasions and reaction to open feedback must have the right way and substance. Manner alludes to the manifestation of the correspondence, which needs to: be genuine, be auspicious and be in the best possible setting the substance of the message is as paramount as the structure it takes. The moral story of occasions: clearly recognizes wrongdoing; It accepts full obligation regarding what happened; expresses lament for the offense, the

Threats Of Electronic Money Transfer Research Paper

Threats Of Electronic Money Transfer - Research Paper Example To attain their objectives, terrorist require financial resources and easy fund transfer transactions to carry out their acts of terror. In this regard, the terrorist has found the Internet the most convenient way for the purpose of communication and coordination with their partners locating in other parts of the world; additionally, they send and receive their funds via using electronic means. This challenge can be minimized to a considerable extent but it can never be wished away totally. In this regard, the role of Central Banks is of critical importance. In the subsequent part of this paper, first, electronic money transfer is defined and is followed by a threat of misuse of this channel by terrorist and international criminal groups. Before conclusion, some suggestions are accounted for to minimize this illegal use of the Internet.An electronic payment system involves the services of many elements. A payment system is identified as the interactions between various subjects and i s made of numerous elements. Among these various elements, system participants, the infrastructure of the system, and the instruments facilitating the transfer of monetary value between different users are the significant elements.Traditionally, we had two parties facilitating fund transfer from one place to another- sender and receiver. Most of the time, funds were transferred with the use of non-electronic means. Paper-based money transfer transactions were common from one financial to another financial institution.... For that purpose, they can go to any extent. To attain their objectives, terrorist require financial resources and easy fund transfer transactions to carry out their acts of terror. In this regard, terrorist have found the Internet the most convenient way for the purpose of communication and coordination with their partners locating in other parts of the world; additionally, they send and receive their funds via using electronic means. This challenge can be minimized to a considerable extent but it can never be wished away totally. In this regard, the role of Central Banks is of critical importance. In the subsequent part of this paper, first, electronic money transfer is defined and is followed by a threat of misuse of this channel by terrorist and international criminal groups. Before conclusion, some suggestions are accounted for to minimize this illegal use of the Internet. An electronic payment system involves the services of many elements. A payment system is identified as the interactions between various subjects and is made of numerous elements. Among these various elements, system participants, the infrastructure of system, and the instruments facilitating the transfer of monetary value between different users are the significant elements(Merlonghi, 2010). Traditionally, we had two parties facilitating fund transfer from one place to another- sender and receiver. Most of the time, funds were transferred with the use of non-electronic means. For that purpose, paper based money transfer transactions were common from one financial to another financial institution. Besides, in paper based transaction time and cost were comparatively more than the costs involved via using electronic way of fund transfer. Due to these facts, the entire system

Discuss policies to stop the dollar falling Essay

Discuss policies to stop the dollar falling - Essay Example Bergstein (2013) notes that there has been a decline in the role of the dollar over the past three decades, and will largely continue falling. Hence, fast reforms need instigation in both the institutions and the enforcement of the rules. Achievement of these alterations can be through amendments to the charter via developed consensuses. All the institutions will then have determination toward the achievement of the goals set. In attempt to halve the slides of US dollar, the government needs to increase its interest rates. The greater the interest rates, the higher the attraction of investors and hence saving pumping in cash that will stabilize the falling of the dollar. Additionally, the high-interest rates will ensure increased savings and lead to declined spending. The situation will facilitate the reduction of imports made into the USA thus helping the dollar to appreciate in value. However, this situation might lead to lowered growth and a spare capacity in the economic state of the USA (Dubil,

Strategies For The Tourism Industry Of Spain Tourism Essay

Strategies For The Tourism Industry Of Spain Tourism Essay Tourism is of strategic importance to country as an export commodity to generate foreign currency earnings and a potential generator of taxes for local authorities. Government investment and development of tourism infrastructure benefits all sectors of tourism industry, foreign and domestic tourists, as well as the local in habitants in a tourism destination area. (Jamal, T. and Robinson, M., 2009) Well conceived development of a critical mass of attractions by the combined efforts of private and public interest directly benefits to all the industry sectors involved in the tourism system, which improves the attractiveness and competitiveness of the destination. For a country to have a successful tourism it is highly essential to maintain the sustainability of its tourist destination. Tourist destination is a place that a traveller chooses to visit for a stay of at least a night in order to experience some feature or characteristic of a place perceived as a satisfying leisure time experience. (Jamal, T. and Robinson, M., 2009) Destinations are regarded as a popular aspect of tourism as they encourage visitors by delivering valuable experience through various locations, resources and service. On the contrary they even attract disasters caused by natural hazards or by human activities. Disaster is stated as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. (Ritchie, Brent W., 2009) Natural disasters is the result of caprices of nature which includes earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, etc where as manmade disasters are a cause of terrorism, war or industrial action. After comparing these disasters it can observed that, both have immediate threat, danger and the potential for ongoing disruption but manmade disasters to some extent can be preventable and controllable. (McDonald, R., 2003) This paper will illustrate the effects of Man-made disasters resembling Terrorist attacks and Hotel collapse in Spain, including the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate these disasters for retention of tourism in the destination (Word Count 2) Spain is the package holiday capital of Europe and second most popular tourist destination globally, for specialising and maintaining the countrys image of sun, sand and sangria. In terms of tourism Spain has gained marvellous victory being one of the worlds top five destinations which offers over a million bed spaces in serviced accommodation sector .As per latest research Spain is the second European country after France which holds a market share of 11.4% in terms of international arrivals (UNWTO, 2010). Being famous for its summer holidays, it attracts most of the tourists from countries such as United Kingdom, France, Germany and Scandinavia. (Spain Travel Guide, 2011) The Spanish economy has generated one and a half million jobs supported by tourism, contributing to one-third of the countrys export earnings and which accounts for 12 percent of GDP. However this achievement has been earned at the cost of society and the environment. The result of this has led to massive expansion through development of apartments and holiday villas as well hotels near the coastline. (Boniface Brian, G. and Cooper, C., 2005). Similarly by gaining popularity, the destination has created huge traffic jams and has the highest amount of cars as compared to Europe. (TV Choice, 2000) But the major disaster to be considered in Spain is of Majorca which faced Series of Bomb Explosion that occurred in 2009 by Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) terrorist organisation (BBC News,2009) and the hotel collapse in 2008(Expatica, 2008) which created severe havoc in the region by affecting the life of the tourists. The blast had affected the itinerary of thousands of visitors as most of the flights were either turned back or diverted for safety. The Spanish economy is highly reliable on tourist for its source of income and tourism trade; but this attack has frightened the localities and has challenge the travellers and tourists security beliefs, enabling them to give a second thought of whether to fly back to the destination. On the Contrary, the incident of hotel collapse which occurred due to negligence of the construction has taken lives of many construction workers. After all these disasters occurred the first priority of the Spanish government was to cut down further repetition of the crises for which the government had implemented certain Counter Terrorism Strategies. The government started providing appropriate training to local police and actors in the civil society for identifying signs of terrorism in the vicinity, by ensuring efficient collaboration between the relevant bodies and front line staff and developing regular contact with local communities. A software named as Check the Web (CTW) was introduced to monitor regular activities of the militant Islamic websites of Europe to avoid future threats. Various information systems such as Schengen Information System and the Visa Information Systems were developed for protection of citizens and infrastructure by ensuring an area of freedom, security and justice. The Spanish Presidency adopted an Action Plan to combat Cyber Crime foreseeing the short-, mid- and long-term threats on European network and information security. (Council Of The European Union, 2010) After the car bombings that occurred in 2009 in Majorca the government took additional securities in all the modes of transport including passenger and air cargo for prioritising the safety of the tourist. For reducing the terrorism threat it is very essential that public and private sector work hand in hand, for data exchange and information sharing relating to Passenger Name Records, processing and transfer of Financial Messaging Data and the information distributed within the local area. The concept Marketing Strategy refers to an organisational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationship in ways that benefit the organisation and its stakeholders. (Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline Michael, D., 2008). The problems faced by Spain in terms of tourism requires a market led response for which certain marketing strategies if adopted by the Spanish government, can facilitate in times of considerable unease and market turbulence to maintain its tourism. Firstly the Spanish government has encouraged the Australian tourists visiting Madrid in 2011 for World Youth Day to register at their website, in order to take advantage of insurance facilities and accommodation benefits along with preventing cautions and monitor developments. (Smart Traveller, 2011) Being the initial country outside Italy to promote this event for the second time it can facilitate better promotions by offering discounts on attraction, restaurants and theatres. The event being conducted on a wider scale in the capital state, it essential that the government should form an alliance with the Airlines, hoteliers, wholesale tour operators and other sources for effective marketing management. (Beirman, D. 2003) This event will last for a week (Catholic Pilgrim Office, 2011) which if managed properly, can generate income for the country from sources such as additional usage of public transport in that period, expenditure by visitors in tourism and leisure area. Being an island in the Mediterranean it is essential that Spain develops new holiday styles to reduce seasonality, encourage higher spending visitors and to spread tourism more evenly throughout the country. Madrid being the political and financial capital of Spain serves as the principal transportation hub including centre of technological education, training and development and as a cultural and business centre. Additionally the city is renowned for conducting venues in recent years for international conferences and being the headquarters of World Tourism Organisation (WTO). (Perret, S. and Bijaoui, P., 2006) In order to promote the destination Spain and its most recognised football club Real Madrid have signed a pioneer agreement. This agreement will promote and enhance the tourism brands of the destination globally using its slogan Visit Spain, Visit Madrid. However the capital city has effectively developed its public- private collaboration through the citys marketing agency Promocion Madrid and has pioneered its network of strategic alliances with various tourist destinations, including New York, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Mexico and Tokyo. (Andaluz, 2011) These international alliances will foster the culture and attractions of the destination to the rest of the world. Thus Sports Tourism signifies a great platform for the Region of Madrid to encourage international travellers. This strategy of intensive marketing will feature temporary discounts or incentives as tactics that can be applied to recover losses incurred by the destination due to disasters occurred earlier. Similarly establishment and maintenance of effective media coverage and public relations will play a major role in driving the tourist back to the destination. Furthermore, the Madrid region is given the opportunity to host the 2018 Ryder Cup. This will create an excellent platform for encouraging Golf tourism at a global level which in return will generate a high business volume for the region due to vast arrival of spectators. In order to maintain sustainability in the Sports Tourism the Government of Spain has signed a Treaty with sports bodies such as Spanish Royal Football Federation and Real Madrid in order to boost the brand image of the destination in international countries. (The Guardian, 2010). Secondly, Spanish National Tourist Organisations (NTO) has started various promotional campaigns such as Passion for Life and Spain Marks, for promoting the brand image of Spain. The campaign highlights the appeal of the Spanish Lifestyles and the cultural heritage, emphasising on the different regions. (Boniface Brian, G. and Cooper, C., 2005) Spain Marks describes the various attractions and activities available to tourists in different parts of the country, additionally positioning the destination in terms of lifestyles and attractions. Turespaà ±a, the Spanish National Tourism Authority reveals that buying patterns in major markets are changing and leisure visitors are becoming more independent, preferring self tailored holidays to packaged tours. The changes are fuelled by low cost and changing preferences of activities. Today the Spanish major islands provide low fare services and independent beaches/islands are growing. Spain Marks is intended to show the countrys flexibility to adapt to this changing market. Hence both its branding and marketing strategy are intended to respond to these trends. (Lennon John, J.et al, 2006) Such promotional campaign will reduce the barrier of threat created by terrorism in the minds of tourists visiting Spain due to the following criteria. It will help to maintain its reputation of the topmost tourist destination within the target markets. Generate more revenue to the countrys tourism business as a direct result of the campaign activity by retaining and increasing the number of domestic and international tourists visiting the destination. Similarly the campaign will assist in identifying the key consumer insights for domestic and major European markets. Finally it will even improve the relationships with non tourists sectors. All the above criteria state that the capital is open for business through assortment of events to provide the countrys tastes and fashions. (Ladkin, A. et al., 2007) However Spain can even encourage the third age tourism where Spanish senior citizens can reside in resort hotels at reduced rates outside the peak season (Boniface Brian, G. and Cooper, C., 2005) Lastly for designing the hotels, the Spanish government can adopt a value chain strategy from coordinating and programming of architecture, towards site security design and risk assessment by maintaining a sustainable collaboration between public and private sector in order to increase local contribution. (Luman Ronald, J., 2011) The Spanish hotel market can promote itself by being more focus towards leisure oriented than commercially oriented. This can be possible by encouraging the local commercial market and increasing the number of high spending European weekend break visitors. In order to make this strategy successful the local government will have to incur high spending on its infrastructure investments and beaches. As the hotel sector becomes more internationally reputed it will be an attractive target for international investors, developers, banks and operators to expand their representation in the destination. Additionally, development of boutique hotels and extended stay products will generate revenue for the economy. (Perret, S. and Bijaoui, P., 2006) Eventually more approaches towards conferences, golf tourism, winter sports facility and activity holidays will increase the brand value of the destination. After analysing and implementing the concerned marketing strategies, we will now glance at the pros and cons of these strategies. Firstly, Madrid being the capital has become the major hub of various events and thus acts as a brand ambassador for the destination. Various short, mid and long term marketing strategies for promoting tourism, has been implemented in the respect to Sports, conferences, public welfares and attractions. This generates a huge income for the economy and promotes the brand image of the country. But after applying such strategy, the threat it will attract is the unpredictable terrorist attacks which create a sense of fear in the environment and in the mind of tourists. Similarly there are chances that huge involvement of media in such events might work in favour or against the situation in case of sudden calamity. As Spain is highly bound to face terrorist attacks in future, it needs to take precautions over expansion of its promotional campaigns which unite all the international tourists together at a specific location. The fear of such disaster reduces the profit margin of the economy finally leading to a decline in the expected annual budget. Secondly, the next strategy of promoting various campaigns such as Spain Marks have been quite effective in promoting the countrys brand image as similar strategies have been proved effective in promoting London where Total London Month (TLM) and Total London Tour (TLT) was structured in encouraging the Londoners for using tourism facilities by offering discounts on attraction, restaurant and theatres.( Ladkin, A. et al., 2007)The only side effect of this is that where on one side it generates more revenue for the country on the side it increases traffic jams and pollutes the environment due to increasing arrivals of tourists. Finally the rapid development of hotels on the island attracts the involvement of international companies to invest in the destination which imports more international currency and builds a strong economy. However this will affect the environment as it reduces the land for plantation, affecting the ozone layer. After analysing the above strategies, the best approaches that will work in favour of Spain is of the high interest shown in the field of sports, conferences, public welfares, unexplored attractions along with promotion of various campaigns. This is essential as the current trend demands experiences, fulfilment and rejuvenation rather than promotion of destinations and commodities.If these targets are implemented successfully then Spain stands an excellent chance of being the top most tourist destination in future. To make a final conclusion for this paper it is recommended that the various stakeholders engaged in the tourism sector, need to maintain effective collaboration between public and private organisation as tourism being their basic economic activity and consider additional prevention measures against the problems created from the external environment. Similarly there is a need to reinvent various strategies for attracting tourist due to the changing revolution. Hence there is a need to practice and remember the saying Prevention is better than cure.

Anne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Essay -- Anne Bradstreet Fe

Anne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Feminism today remains prominent because even while women’s rights are very strong, women are still fighting for equality every day. In the time of Anne Bradstreet, women had few rights and they were seen as inferior to men. Anne lived among the puritans whom ruled her everyday life. Although it was against the puritan code for women to receive an education, Bradstreet’s father, Thomas Dudley, loved his daughter dearly and made sure that she was well educated which shows in her works. Anne Bradstreet’s literature became well known only because her family published her works under a male name. This was done because writing poetry was a serious offense to the puritans since poetry was considered creative and the only creating that was done was by God. In the works of Anne Bradstreet, she conveys a feminist attitude, and could very well be one of the first American Feminists. Bradstreet was very religious, and the religion she faithfully followed was very male dominant. Perhaps this is why Bradstreet never had a strong voice. Surely if she were to have voiced her opinions loudly and strongly she would have suffered dire consequences. Anne Hutchinson was banished because she publicly voiced her objections to the code of puritan lifestyle and beliefs. Living in a harsh puritan society most likely intimidated Bradstreet, so instead, she carefully weaved her early feminist thought into her poems and stories so that they weren’t too apparent. For example, in †The Prologue,† Bradstreet conveys knowledge of recognizing the kind of patriarchy she lives in, in the fifth and sixth stanza. I am obnoxious to each carping tongue/ Who says my hand a needle better fits,/ A p... ...sband, mothered eight children, risking death from each pregnancy, and managed to live sixty years. She was the first woman in American Literature to have her work published and also one of the first American women to begin thinking as a femenist. Even though Bradstreet was not a prominent, public femenist, she realized that she had to start somewhere and due to her living in the strict patriarchal puritan society, she did what she could. Although Bradstreet was very religious and held her spirituality very close to her, she still put together early femenist thought and can be considered one of the first American femnists. Works Cited History of Women in the United States. 9 November 2005. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Online. 15 November 2005 . Woodlief, Ann. Biography of Anne Bradstreet. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 November 2005 . Anne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Essay -- Anne Bradstreet Fe Anne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Feminism today remains prominent because even while women’s rights are very strong, women are still fighting for equality every day. In the time of Anne Bradstreet, women had few rights and they were seen as inferior to men. Anne lived among the puritans whom ruled her everyday life. Although it was against the puritan code for women to receive an education, Bradstreet’s father, Thomas Dudley, loved his daughter dearly and made sure that she was well educated which shows in her works. Anne Bradstreet’s literature became well known only because her family published her works under a male name. This was done because writing poetry was a serious offense to the puritans since poetry was considered creative and the only creating that was done was by God. In the works of Anne Bradstreet, she conveys a feminist attitude, and could very well be one of the first American Feminists. Bradstreet was very religious, and the religion she faithfully followed was very male dominant. Perhaps this is why Bradstreet never had a strong voice. Surely if she were to have voiced her opinions loudly and strongly she would have suffered dire consequences. Anne Hutchinson was banished because she publicly voiced her objections to the code of puritan lifestyle and beliefs. Living in a harsh puritan society most likely intimidated Bradstreet, so instead, she carefully weaved her early feminist thought into her poems and stories so that they weren’t too apparent. For example, in †The Prologue,† Bradstreet conveys knowledge of recognizing the kind of patriarchy she lives in, in the fifth and sixth stanza. I am obnoxious to each carping tongue/ Who says my hand a needle better fits,/ A p... ...sband, mothered eight children, risking death from each pregnancy, and managed to live sixty years. She was the first woman in American Literature to have her work published and also one of the first American women to begin thinking as a femenist. Even though Bradstreet was not a prominent, public femenist, she realized that she had to start somewhere and due to her living in the strict patriarchal puritan society, she did what she could. Although Bradstreet was very religious and held her spirituality very close to her, she still put together early femenist thought and can be considered one of the first American femnists. Works Cited History of Women in the United States. 9 November 2005. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Online. 15 November 2005 . Woodlief, Ann. Biography of Anne Bradstreet. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 November 2005 .

Coping with Anxiety

Kathrina is a 20-something professional with dilemmas that disrupt her from being productive in her career. It also gives her inconsistent sleeping habits, which results from an uneasy feeling from the anxiety that she feels. Furthermore, she feels that her way of coping with such is not improving at all. Such predicaments hamper her career as a real estate agent, which she finds a big deterrent in producing sales. Kathrina’s biggest dilemma is that her parents expect a lot from her.She doesn’t want to leave home yet she already feels uneasy about her situation at home. With this in mind, she resorts to me, a behavioral psychiatrist. Kathrina opts to undergo a series of sessions that will give her the opportunity to deal with anxiety and stress. 1) As a behavioral therapist how would you proceed in therapy in the case of Kathrina? First, I would like the patient to describe her environment while she was growing up. This would help me ascertain what is it like to live in her environment during her childhood.It will allow me to determine how she generates feedbacks and how she behaves in this type of environment. As a behavioral therapist, I have to make her understand that her environment is responsible for her apparent behavior. The environment she thrives in conditions her to be behaving in such way. The environment includes all the people around her and the behavior of this people. She has to understand that her behavior does not deliberately stems from her. In behavioral psychology, it is suggested that behaviors are attained through the environment’s conditioning (Wagner, 2008).As the individual interacts with her environment more, the more she is conditioned to act accordingly to her environment’s standards. As the individual accommodates this conditioning into her system, the more she is influenced by her environment’s conditioning. As I proceed with the subject’s current situation, I learn that she really accommo dates and tolerates the behavioral standards of her situation. She does not have a hand in her apparent behavior at all. The stress from her work is not responsible as well.The environment which is her home is the primary stimulus that affects her behavior, and causes her numerous dilemmas. In a branch of behaviorism, classic conditioning is used to condition a subject to respond to a certain stimulus. Classic conditioning is a type of conditioning in behaviorism, which conditions a subject by instigating a stimulus in order to generate a favorable response (Van Wagner, 2008). In Kathrina’s case, her parents conditioned her in the most effective manner. This leads us to the speculation that Kathrina might not have received classical conditioning at all.Another type of conditioning, Operant conditioning can be suggested as the possible culprit for the apparent behavior of Kathrina. Operant conditioning takes place whenever the subject is conditioned through punishment and rewa rd reinforcements. In Kathrina’s case, she might have received more reward reinforcements than punishment reinforcements. Yet this brings to us the notion that she might have been conditioned by reward reinforcements even if her parents are wrong in giving her reward reinforcements.With this in mind, Kathrina’s case will remain unsolved, and I will suggest further therapy sessions for her to be able to cope up with stress and chronic anxiety. 2) How does behavioral therapy fit, or not fit, with your own personal style? The behavioral approach to therapy is not proper at all. It is very subjective and not objective at all. It is one-dimensional because it simply analyzes the environmental factors that contribute to the individual’s behavior. Both operant and classical conditioning are subjective in approach, and analyzes a subject’s behavior in a bias manner.In Kathrina’s case, her behavior is not really caused by her environment alone. She has also a hand in contributing to her mental tortures. With this in mind, she must shrug her dilemmas aside. Apt therapy can also aid her in this situation she faces. References Van Wagner,K. (2008). Behaviorism. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://psychology. about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism. htm Watson,J. Behaviorism Explained. General Psychology. Published Diestro Ltd. 2000.

Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Essays

Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Essays Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Paper Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Paper Jargon being an example of good leadership and Naira-Sin being a good example of poor leadership. Comparison of the two kings will be done with respect to their actions and reasons for their successes or failures, and also with respect to the concept of Me. Finally, a conclusion of what constitutes corruption In Ancient Sumerian will be made. Introduction The Me were a set of rules designed by the gods to preserve harmony and order of the universe. Examine the myth of Ink and Inane where Ink gives Inane efferent duties that comprise Me, as well as the proper aspects of collocation. If Me was adhered to, civilization would prosper, but If they were not followed, collocation would collapse. Primary sources: Ink and Inane Secondary sources: Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. The university of Chicago Press: Chicago. Topic 1 Principles of Good Leadership Examine the Legend of Jargon (Birth Legend and Jargon, King of Ba ttle) Successes and reasons contributing to success. Primary sources: Birth Legend of Jargon, Jargon, King of Battle Secondary sources: Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. The University of Chicago Press; Chickpea. Lick, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York TOPIC 2 Reasons for and examples of poor leadership Examine the Legend of Naira-sin and how he was a disastrous leader and caused the downfall of his civilization. Look at his steal that shows him portraying himself as a divine being. Pay closer attention to the Curse of Aged, which give specific examples of how Naira-Sin caused the destruction of an entire city. Primary sources; Legend of Naira-Sin, The Curse of Aged Secondary sources: Elect, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York Cooper, Jerome S. 1983. The Curse of Aged. The John Hopkins university Press; Baltimore. Jacobsen, Thrill. 1987. The Harps That Once Sumerian Poetry In Translation. Yale univers ity Press; New Haven Conclusion Kings should follow Me to prevent the downfall of collocation. Corruption In ancient times could be classified as not obeying Me (I. E. Ignoring omens/gods), as was the case of Naira-SSL. Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. By iguana Me. Finally, a conclusion of what constitutes corruption in Ancient Sumerian will be different duties that comprise Me, as well as the proper aspects of civilization. If Me was adhered to, civilization would prosper, but if they were not followed, civilization would collapse. Primary sources: Ink and Inane Culture, and Character. The University of Chicago Press; Chicago. Topic 1 Examine the Legend of Jargon (Birth Legend and Jargon, King of Battle) Lick, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York Cooper, Jerome S. 1983. The Curse of Aged. The John Hopkins University Press; Baltimore. Jacobsen, Thrill. 1987. The Harps That Once Sumerian Poetry in Translation. Yale University Press; New Haven Kings should follow Me to prevent the downfall of civilization. Corruption in ancient times could be classified as not obeying Me (I. E. Ignoring omens/gods), as was the case of Naira-Sin.

Cowboys with Guns essays

Cowboys with Guns essays Cowboys with Guns during the Wild Wild West In the Old West, guns played an important role in the lives of cowboys. There were various kinds of guns that cowboys used. They fell into two categories: hand gun and rifle. The most common handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45; as for rifles there was the Winchester. Most of the time guns were used for shooting animals for food or calming the cattle. Occasionally, a cowboy might have to use one against Indians or rustlers. On the trail most cowboys would have guns with them but they would leave them in the chuck wagon. (The chuck wagon was a cart that was usually in the back of the herd that held all of the cowboys goods.) They left the guns in the wagon because the guns were heavy and often times got in the way and could be dangerous while riding a horse. Most cowboys were not very good with guns and even one cowboy shot himself in the foot. The gun did come in handy though, especially when a stampede occurred. The cowboys would ride to the chuck wagon, grab their guns, and continue to the front of the herd where they would shoot three evenly spaced shots over the leader-cattles heads. This would usually stop the stampede. The Derringer was a small pistol with a large caliber that had two barrels, which were parallel horizontally or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a terrible wound when shot at close range. In some towns along the trail cowboys used Hideouts when they had to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was hidden in the boot, a shoulder holster, waistband, or hung by a cord down the sleeve or coat. Cowboys would wear one so that if someone accused them of cheating they would be able to defend themselves. The Winchester was the term used for a rifle or carbine. This gun was one of the best-selling guns around. Some cowboys said that this gun could shoot for a week and not have to be reloaded. This, of c...

Analyze the Running Case on page 331 of the textbook, The Recreation Essay

Analyze the Running Case on page 331 of the textbook, The Recreation and Wellness Intranet Project - Essay Example In order to achieve all these, many organizations have created disease management programs and health maintenance programs to improve well-being within the organization (John Bates, 2008). Other programs like mental health have been adopted as part of health promotion programs, and these have to reduce depression, stress, and muscle strain greatly. Many companies that have adopted these have enjoyed employees with less behavioral problems and reduced suicide rates among their employees as compared to companies that have not adopted this program. The program also have been of benefit to families since extensive management of stress has resulted in lower domestic hostility and reduced child abuse as well as reduced spouse abuse. Most companies that have comprehensively addressed health and safety measures in their work environment have experienced decreased injuries while working hours. Thus, only a few workers are compensated, and this reduces companies health care cost. Health and safety measures have also reduced the number of disabilities and even death in the workplace especially machine operators. Recreation and wellness program for general health in workplace show employees that they are recognized and the employer is concerned about their health. It assures them that their well being is of importance to the organization. Employees must enjoy the program because it helps them get healthier, lose weight and lower cholesterol level and lower blood pressure. I help you sleep well and utmost save money that you could have rather used for drugs. In addition, on the other hand, the wellness and recreation programs can build a sense of friendship among co-workers. It happens since one has a chance to experience outdoor activities like volleyball program, soccer program, walking program, table tennis program and even going to the gym. By positively

Construction Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Economics - Assignment Example These economic cycles form an important feature of a market driven economy. When the economy is booming the industrial sector achieves maximum growth and is said to be achieving its maximum potential. The total market value of all commodities and services that are provided within a country during a set financial period is defined as the country’s GDP or gross domestic product. (Best Aaron, 2007) Economic activities of the Government and the construction industry It is not always the policies followed by the government that affect economic activity. There might be several impediments happening in the international front affecting the construction industry. Recession is a key index that needs to be keeps a tab regarding the performance of an economy and how the economic activities of the government are affecting the industry as a whole. Some of these Recessions’ that the government needs to keep a tab on are (Blake et al, 2004) 1. Inventory Recession- Too much optimism re garding the future growth and potential of the market can cause an increase of production foreseeing future market prices of raw materials. This can lead to overstocking of both raw materials and finished items. However if the markets are not expanding with the same potential it leads to accumulation of stock leading to recession. 2. Rolling Recession- Due to an economic slowdown several sections of an economy are hit each to a certain degree which varies according to the nature of each sector. This dip in activity in one sector can severely hamper the prospects of another sector since all industrial processes follow close synergy of activities. Recovery in one sector might not lead to the same taking place in another sector. (Blake et al, 2004) 3. Unexpected political events, elections, wars, coups, natural and manmade disasters can also cause severe impediments in economic activity. 4. Wrong Government Policies- Every government follows a monetary and fiscal policy that it deems i s best suited for that country. However mistakes on this front cause the government in incorrect borrowing and lending of money. This leads to extremely large fiscal deficit making the economy severely handicapped.( Verick Sher and Islam Iyanatul, 2010) 5. All banks operating in the public and private domain are assessed and regulated by institutions under the government. Inefficiency of these institutions leads to banks lending without assessing the paying capacity of customers. This can cause huge liability to the banks if the loans are not fully recovered. Instability in banks leads to capital shortage for industrial and construction development. 6. The vagaries of oil production in the OPEC countries can cause fuel price to shoot up severely. These activities directly affect the cost of construction raw materials since a large part of construction activity deals with transportation of raw materials to site. This therefore adversely affects all construction related activities. 7. Seasonal variations are inevitable and are beyond the realm of government control since there would be months during a financial periods which experiences hectic activity usually during festival seasons followed by moths of dullness. This can cause seasonal variations in economic cycles. However, how much of this dip would affect the general economy of a country depends on the policies followed by the government and the robustness of the industrial sector at that given point of time. (Blake et al, 20